![]() ![]() The special counsel’s investigation is still ongoing. In early December, former National Security Adviser Michael Flynn pleaded guilty in federal court to making false statements to the FBI about his contacts with Russia, and agreed to cooperate with Mueller’s probe. ![]() The special counsel’s office also announced that day that it had struck a cooperation agreement with former Trump adviser George Papadopoulos, who secretly pleaded guilty to lying to federal agents about his contacts with Kremlin-connected Russians. More than five months later, Mueller’s office indicted President Donald Trump’s former campaign manager, Paul Manafort, and his longtime business associate Rick Gates on 12 charges, including money laundering, being an unregistered foreign agent and seven counts of failure to file reports of foreign bank and financial accounts. Attorney General Rod Rosenstein appointed former FBI Director Robert Mueller in May as a special counsel to conduct the investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 presidential campaign. Chip Somodevilla / Getty Imagesīowing to public and congressional pressure, Deputy U.S. The Mueller Investigation Michael Flynn leaves federal court following his plea hearing on Dec. Since his inauguration, the push to repeal and replace Obamacare has failed three times, and his plans to build a border wall and invest billions in infrastructure have been put on hold. Now more than a year since his election, Trump is enjoying a healthy economy marked by lower unemployment numbers and strong stock market performance.īut he has struggled to fulfill his many campaign promises with major legislation. The next day, half a million marchers demonstrated for gender equality and against the new president during the Women’s March on Washington, brandishing pink hats and homemade signs in the streets near the National Mall. Photos: President Trump: Scenes from the Inauguration ![]()
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![]() ![]() ![]() Ultimately, according to a Hegelian point-of-view, it could be predicted that such extremes will eventually balance out and reach a synthesis, if popular views or systems of government are to change according to the ‘spirit of the times’.Īnother politically relevant example, defined by Hegelian dialectic thought, might apply to governments themselves. ![]() Likewise, American capitalism has also transformed the country from a broadly and competitively owned economy into an economy dominated by near monopolies. However, in 2020 homosexuality and abortion, nearly up until birth, are seen as great virtues in many of the U.S. For example, abortion and homosexuality were almost completely outlawed just one or two generations ago. After all, the United States is a country that has been observed to experience multiple ‘over corrections’ in the last several generations. The Hegelian dialectical theory is of great interest to me, as it seems highly relevant in critiquing the evolutionary processes of society. However, this class struggle theory has thus far faltered due to the growth of the middle class (petty bourgeois). #Hegelian dialectic explained full#Additionally, Marx established the oppression of the rich (bourgeois) as one dialectic, and the conditions of the poor (proletariat) as another dialectic that would eventually lead to rebellion and full communism. And previously, Marx had argued that a ‘historical materialism’ - a transition from feudalism to communism - could be explained according to Hegel’s ‘history of philosophy’. After all, Nietzsche argues that Judeo-Christian values stem from a slave morality that rationalized virtue with oppression, at the hands of the Romans, in On the Genealogy of Morality. The master-slave dialectic was high influential in the writings of both Nietzsche and Marx. And it is the realization of this symbiotic relationship that allows the slave to eventually assert great independence - through bondage rather than through a risky escape attempt. Eventually, however, the slave beings to produce well-crafted products that the master relies on for his livelihood. In the Phenomenology of Spirit,Hegel’s master-slave dialectic tells of a lord who initially enslaves a prisoner, retaining custody over him under pain of death. Hegel is particularly important because his writing went on to influence later political and economic philosophers such as Marx and Nietzsche, as well as German culture at large - introducing concepts to the popular lexicon such as the ‘master-slave’ dialectic, the concept of ‘zeitgeist’ (spirit of the age), and ‘volksgeist’ (national spirit). #Hegelian dialectic explained series#He also believed that history is defined by a series of revolutions that are constantly searching for a point of equilibrium - the synthesis aforementioned. Hegel was one of the first philosophers to propose cataloging history based upon key secular world events, rather than encouraging officials to interpret the present by continuing to refer to holy books or seasonal agricultural orientations. According to Hegelianism, two determinates create a synthesis that restores order and harmony to the universe. In classical philosophy, dialectics - according to the presumptions of Socrates and Plato - are characterized by a debate in which a thesis and an antithesis are presented in order to reach a new conclusion. One of Hegel’s core theories centered around the idea of the ‘dialectic’. Hegel is sometimes referred to as a ‘Protestant Thomas Aquinas’ for his idealistic, ontological belief system that was publicly professed during the age of enlightenment (prior to the realization of a unified German nation). Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel was a nineteenth century German philosopher with his origins in the formerly disunified Holy Roman Empire’s northern Duchy of Württemberg. ![]() ![]() The combination of large mass and tiny size means a black hole's gravity is more intense than other objects, but gravity obeys the same rules whatever the object. If it gets very close, its path is so curved it will never again straighten out enough to escape – that's the event horizon.Ī common misconception must now be addressed: black holes do not suck anything in. Closer in, the particle gets deflected slightly by the gravitational influence closer still, the particle may fall into some kind of orbit. Think about the effect of gravity on a particle: far from the black hole, the particle's trajectory won't be affected. According to Einstein's general theory of relativity, there will be a boundary called the event horizon which separates the “interior” of the black hole from the rest of space. A good functional definition is as follows: a black hole is a compact object whose gravitational influence is so strong that anything coming too close cannot escape. Credit: Matthew Francis.īlack holes by their nature are difficult to observe, so the evidence for their existence is by necessity indirect. This figure is created for clarity, not for scientific accuracy – the paths are not precisely calculated. Right: Trajectories near a black hole, showing how the event horizon “traps” particles. In this post, I will flesh out the observational evidence for black holes and attempt to separate what we understand about black holes from a lot of the more conjectural and controversial issues surrounding these mysterious objects. Objects similar to Sagittarius A* have been observed at the heart of nearly every galaxy.Īll this is a tease, of course: everyone knows the scientific consensus is that these three X-ray sources, along with with many other objects, must be black holes. In other words, whatever is at the center of our galaxy is far more massive than any star (which top out around 200-300 times the mass of the Sun, and stars that huge are incredibly luminous objects anyway), and is physically too small to be a cluster of stars. Another bonus from direct observation is that the size of Sagittarius A* can be no larger than the orbit of Uranus – about 20 times the distance from Earth to the Sun. Unlike the previous two examples, the stars can actually be observed directly and their motion plotted with the data collected, even Astronomy 101 students can calculate the mass of the X-ray source using Kepler's laws of motion. Using the motion of stars orbiting around Sagittarius A*, astronomers determined its mass to be approximately 4 million times the mass of our Sun. Link.Ī third example is an even brighter X-ray source at the center of our Milky Way galaxy, known euphoniously as Sagittarius A* ("A star" when spoken aloud). Using data of the stars' motion, scientists have determined Sagittarius A* is 4 million times the mass of our Sun and smaller than the Solar system. Right: Sagittarius A*, the bright X-ray source at the center of the Milky Way, with several star orbits mapped. ![]() Both this and Cygnus X-1 are far too massive to be neutron stars – pulsars – which cannot grow beyond about 3 times the Sun's mass. ![]() ![]() The star and the X-ray source orbit each other once every 6.5 days, which indicates a very close binary system – and a small size for the hidden companion. Doppler effect measurements showed the X-ray source to be between 10 and 14 times the mass of the Sun. Similarly, in 1989 a huge X-ray flare was detected in the vicinity of another star in Cygnus, known as V404 Cygni. Careful observations of the dynamics of the blue star and variations in the X-ray luminosity show that the X-ray source, known today as Cygnus X-1, has a mass at least 6 times that of our Sun, but a physical size smaller than Earth. Ordinary blue stars don't produce a lot of X-rays, so astronomers quickly concluded there must be a companion object that doesn't give off much visible light. In 1972, a bright X-ray source was discovered by the Uhuru satellite in the constellation Cygnus at the same location as a bright blue-white star with the highly memorable name HD226868. Left: Chandra X-ray Telescope image of Cygnus X-1, the first black hole candidate discovered. ![]() ![]()
The downloads API response will include all available download types for the video, the download URL for each type, and the processing status of the download file. If you want to download videos from streaming encrypted sites, the best solution is to use the stream video downloader like StreamFab Downloader All-in-one or. ![]() To get notified when a video is ready to view, refer to Using webhooks. You can enable downloads for an uploaded video once it is ready to view by making an HTTP request to the /downloads endpoint. #Download istream videos mp4#
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